Modeling the Effects of Relapse in the Transmission Dynamics of Malaria Parasites
نویسندگان
چکیده
Often regarded as "benign," Plasmodium vivax infections lay in the shadows of the much more virulent P. falciparum infections. However, about 1.98 billion people are at risk of both parasites worldwide, stressing the need to understand the epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax, particularly under the scope of decreasing P. falciparum prevalence and ecological interactions between both species. Two epidemiological observations put the dynamics of both species into perspective: (1) ACT campaigns have had a greater impact on P. falciparum prevalence. (2) Complete clinical immunity is attained at younger ages for P. vivax, under similar infection rates. We systematically compared two mathematical models of transmission for both Plasmodium species. Simulations suggest that an ACT therapy combined with a hypnozoite killing drug would eliminate both species. However, P. vivax elimination is predicted to be unstable. Differences in age profiles of clinical malaria can be explained solely by P. vivax's ability to relapse, which accelerates the acquisition of clinical immunity and serves as an immunity boosting mechanism. P. vivax transmission can subsist in areas of low mosquito abundance and is robust to drug administration initiatives due to relapse, making it an inconvenient and cumbersome, yet less lethal alternative to P. falciparum.
منابع مشابه
Stability and Numerical Analysis of Malaria- mTB- HIV/AIDS Co-infection (TECHNICAL NOTE)
In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to examine the transmission dynamics of curable malaria, curable mTB and non-curable HIV/AIDS and their co-infection. The size of population has been taken as varying due to the emigration of susceptible population. The total population is divided into five subclasses as susceptible, malaria infected, mTB infected, HIV infection and AIDS by assumin...
متن کاملEffects of Cryptolepine, 2, 7, dibromocryptolepine and standard drugs on hemoglobin accumulation in cultured Malaria parasites
Cryptolepine is the major alkaloidal constituent of the West African climbing shrub Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, a species used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria and a number of other infectious diseases. Cryptolepine and a number of its synthetic analogues have been shown to have potent antiplasmodial activities using P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase assay (PfLDH). Intraery...
متن کاملTribal Community Visit to Malaria-Endemic Areas Can Pose Risk to Car Nicobar Island: Deterrent for Malaria Elimination
Introduction: In the past 10 years, a declining trend was seen in the annual parasite incidence (API) of malaria in the Car Nicobar Island. For the past few years, the API in the island has been below one. Car Nicobar Island is struggling with malaria cases reported to have been brought from other, malaria-endemic islands. Methods: The movements of people...
متن کاملEffects of Cryptolepine, 2, 7, dibromocryptolepine and standard drugs on hemoglobin accumulation in cultured Malaria parasites
Cryptolepine is the major alkaloidal constituent of the West African climbing shrub Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, a species used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria and a number of other infectious diseases. Cryptolepine and a number of its synthetic analogues have been shown to have potent antiplasmodial activities using P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase assay (PfLDH). Intraery...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 2012 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2012